Narrative poetry is poetry that
tells a story and is a long-time favorite among poets and readers. When I was
in fifth grade, everyone in the class was required to memorize and recite “The
Midnight Ride of Paul Revere,” a historical narrative by Longfellow. I can
remember memorizing a stanza each week and then, after much practicing with my
parents, getting up in front of the class to recite the whole poem. I still
remember the first few stanzas! Narrative poems can vary in length from very
long to short. Sometimes the stories they tell are quite complex and include
the voices of characters and narrators. Narrative poems from the past, for the
most part, were written in metered verse and include ballads, idylls, lays,
epics
The personal narrative, however,
is different and is popular today among many free verse poets. Often
misunderstood, personal narratives sometimes fail to move beyond the anecdotal
and simply recount an experience that the poet has had. A great personal narrative,
though, has to be larger and more meaningful than an anecdotal poem. In other words,
a great personal narrative can’t rest on its anecdotal laurels and must do more
than simply tell a story. It needs to approach the universal through the
personal, it needs to mean more than the story it tells, and the old rule
“show, don’t tell” definitely applies.
This week let’s try a personal
narrative poem, but right from the get go, let’s set a limit of no more than 30
lines. this may help avoid the pitfall of superfluous details.
1. For starters, decide what true
story from your life you’d like to tell. Think about why you want to write a
poem about this event in your life. Joy down some ideas about the sequence of
the story, the people concerned, and the emotions involved.
2. Plan on writing in the first
person singular, but know that you’re fee to change that later on.
3. Consider the approach you’d
like to take in your personal narrative: chronological, flashback, or
reflective. In chronological, you structure your poem around a time-ordered sequence
of events; in flashback, you write from a perspective of looking back; and in
reflective, you write thoughtfully or “philosophically” about the story you
tell.
4. Don’t simply relate your
narrative or tell your readers what they should feel. Your job is to show and
not to tell. Avoid “emotion words” such as “anger”—bear in mind that when someone
is angry he or she is more likely to slam a door than to say, “Hey, I’m angry.”
You can show anger or any other emotion without ever using the words. Let actions
and sensory images lead your readers to understand the emotions in the poem. As
the writer of a personal narrative poem, it’s your job to include revealing
details, not to interpret or explain them for your readers. You may want to
avoid the passive voice, “to be” verbs, and “ing” endings as these can inhibit
the process of showing rather than telling.
5. Set a tone for your personal
narrative. Tone in poetry is an overall feeling that inhabits every corner of
your poem. Think about your story and the feeling with which you want your
readers to leave the poem.
6. Think about the perspective
from which you want to tell your story. Do you want to tell the story as if it
were happening in the present (using the present tense)? Do you want to write
from a perspective of looking back (past tense)? This is, of course, up to you
and you will need to think about how use of the past or of the present tense
will impact your poem.
7. Just as a short story includes
rising action, a climax, and denouement or resolution, so should a personal
narrative poem. Use of stanzas can be helpful in emphasizing the sequence of
your poem. Be acutely aware that you’re writing a poem and not prose. Narrative
poetry often springs from a prose impulse and becomes mired in prose-like
details. Remember that you’re writing a poem and should be focused on imagery,
figurative language, and the sound quality (alliteration, assonance,
dissonance) of your work. Don’t become so engrossed in the story that you
forget about the elements of good poetry!
Example:
Following is the title poem from Catherine Doty’s book, Momentum. Cat was last week's guest prompter.
Read the poem carefully two or three times. What makes this
such an effective personal narrative?
What has Cat done in the poem to invite the reader into her
experience?
How did you feel when reading the poem? What do you think
Cat wanted you to feel?
How does Cat show without telling?
How does this personal narrative that describes a childhood
experience take you back to your own childhood? What’s the “universal” message
that Cat conveys through her personal experience?
How do the language and imagery enhance meaning?
How does this poem grow so much larger than the simply
anecdotal?
Think about how Cat brought the poem to closure. What does Cat's “dismount” do for the poem? What did it do for your understanding of the poem.
Momentum
By Catherine Doty
Your friends won’t try to talk you out of the barrel,
or your brag to go first, which has nothing to do with
bravery.
And you’re so hungry to earn their love you forget
to claim first your, perhaps, last look at this mountain—
crab apples hanging sour in the sun, abandoned Buick,
a favorite place to play, dismantled and weathered
and delicate as a voting booth. Instead you dive straight
away
and headfirst into darkness, the steel drum that dusts you,
like a chicken part, with rust. Looking out, there’s nothing
to see of your friends but their calves, which are scabby,
and below them the filthy sneakers, shifting, shifting,
every foot aching to kick you off this cliff.
Their faces, you know, are blank with anticipation,
the look you see when they watch TV eating popcorn.
They’re already talking about you as if you’re gone,
as if you boarded a bus and roared out of earshot,
when one foot flashes forward and launches you.
You know as you feel that first solid slam you are lost.
The barrel changes shape with each crash to earth,
as you will later, assuming and losing lives, but this
is so true now: ankles flayed to the bone, cracked ribs
and crushed mint, the brittle, pissy sumac. Right now
the pin oaks are popping in their sockets, the hillside
wears your shoes, clouds pleat and buck. You know, of
course,
that no one’s going second, and friends who tell this story
will use the word idiot, rolling their hands in the air,
but you know you know what your life is for now and rise up,
and just about scalp yourself on that tree limb above you,
another thing you couldn’t possibly know was coming,
another which, like your first breath, was not your idea.
