I admit, with a slightly red
face, that I’ve never written a villanelle, though I do admit that I have
enjoyed reading a few, especially Dylan Thomas’s “Do Not Go Gentle Into That
Good Night” and Elizabeth Bishop’s “One Art.” I’ve excused myself with the
thought that formula poems are almost mathematical (and math was never my
strong suit) but, perhaps I’m just a coward …
Developed in France and introduced into English literature
during the late 1800s, a villanelle has 19 lines, with two repeating lines
throughout the poem. Here’s the canonical format:
Refrain 1 (A1)
Line 2 (b)
Refrain 2 (A2)
Line 4 (a)
Line 5 (b)
Refrain 1 (A1)
Line 7 (a)
Line 8 (b)
Refrain 2 (A2)
Line 10 (a)
Line 11 (b)
Refrain 1 (A1)
Line 13 (a)
Line 14 (b)
Refrain 2 (A2)
Line 16 (a)
Line 17 (b)
Refrain 1 (A1)
Refrain 2 (A2)
(Are you confused yet?) The first five stanzas contain three lines
(triplets), and the last stanza contains four lines (a quatrain). The 1st (A1)
and 3rd (A2) lines of the first stanza are alternately repeated, with the 1st
line becoming the last line of the second and the fourth stanzas, and the 3rd
line becoming the last line of the third and fifth stanzas. Lines 1 and 3 are
repeated again to become the last
two lines of the final stanza. (Feeling
compulsive?) There is no prescribed meter or line length; however, iambic
(ta-DUM) and four or five feet per line are good bets. (Do you have an idea now why I’ve never tried to write one?) Of
course, modern attempts stray from the rules and allow for some flexibility,
and enjambments can be used to help the course of the poem. Note: Poems have
two basic types of line breaks: end-stopped and enjambed (in an enjambed line,
the break occurs in the middle of a sentence or phrase; end-stopped lines end
with punctuation).
In one of my workshop groups, I
recently taught the villanelle and, although it was happily received, the group
members thought the form was too strict and too rigid for their purposes. They asked if I would come up with a
slightly simpler format loosely based on the villanelle but “easier.” Dubbed by
group members as the “Adeleanelle,” here’s
what we worked with.
- A twelve-line poem divided into three four-line stanzas.
- No rhyme and no prescribed meter.
- Each stanza begins with the same word.
- Line 1 is repeated as line 5.
- Line 4 is repeated as line 12.
- The poem takes its title from the fourth line of the first stanza.
Here’s an unedited example from
the group (thanks, Jayne R. for your permission to print it here).
Another Time, Another Life (the title is line 4)
Line 1 And now in the retelling,
Line 2 I
wish and wish again that
Line 3 the
dream had been a dream—
Line 4 another
time, another life …
Line 5 (repeat line
1) And now in the retelling,
Line 6 I
wish you here, my love,
Line 7 your
still eyes wide (alive),
Line 8 nothing
in the shadows—
Line 9 And only light and light—
Line10 where
loss forgets its place
Line 11 and
your hand is warm in mine,
Line 12 (repeat line 4) another
time, another life …
If the Adeleanelle doesn’t strike your fancy and you want to
go for a “real thing” challenge, click here for a great villanelle "how-to."
Note: Keep in
mind that whatever you choose, meaning should never be subordinate to form!
Villanelle Examples:
I'm not a fan of the villanelle, though I have tried a few with some success as far as the form is concerned (and the terzanelle as well).
ReplyDeleteSuch fixed forms are too forced for my taste. This prompt, however, is refreshingly uncomplicated and allows room for the kind of freedom I love in poetry.
I read somewhere that the villanelle ranks second only to the sonnet in popularity. I also read an essay once in which the villanelle was called "the Villainous Villanelle." All in good fun and, thankfully, there are so many forms around that there's something for everyone. Speaking of fun, the "Adeleanelle" is exactly that!
Thanks for another wonderful prompt!
Rich Mandel
Thanks for your comment and kind words, Rich! Seems we're on the same page ...
DeleteThis FANTASTIC!
ReplyDeleteI've always been afraid to try a villanelle, but now I can ease my way in with the Adeleanelle!
Adele, you should write a book of prompts!
I like the idea of easing your way into a villanelle! Thanks for your comment and for your kind words, Jamie! (Yes, I'm considering doing the kind of book you suggest!)
DeleteOh, how embarrassing! I just saw the typo in my post from September 30th. That first line should be "This is Fantastic."
DeleteJamie of the Red Face
My Heart Races
ReplyDeleteclinging golden leaves
the smell of autumn in the air
sadness
my heart races to the beat of change
clinging golden leaves
soon fall
only a grey and brown
blanket covers the earth
clinging golden leaves
dormant life
bursting forth again in spring
my heart races to the beat of change
NIcely done, Risa! You didn't sacrifice your style but still observed the guidelines for the form.
DeleteRisa, this is wonderful! You took the form and used it to compliment your unique style. The theme of "change" works so well.
ReplyDeleteWELL DONE!
Thanks so much for sharing.
Delete
Thanks. It was such a challenge, and since it was a first, I had my doubts about it. It felt right to me, but what is often right for me .... well, you know. Thanks. That's so encouraging
DeleteI agree with Adele, Risa - you really "nailed it." Thanks for posting!
DeleteMagnificent post, very informative. I wonder why the other specialists of this sector do not notice this. You must continue your writing. I'm confident, you have a huge readers' base already!
ReplyDeleteSan Diego Office & Modular Design
Thanks so much for your kind words, Mondal!
Delete